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The file may also be named anything depending if the user specifies a different output name, but it must have a certain binary format. The file is used by trace-cmd to save kernel traces into it and be able to extract the trace from it at a later point (see <strong>trace-cmd-report(1)</strong>).</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_initial_format">INITIAL FORMAT</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The first three bytes contain the magic value:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>0x17 0x08 0x44</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 7 bytes contain the characters:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>"tracing"</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next set of characters contain a null '\0' terminated string that contains the version of the file:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>"7\0"</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 1 byte contains the flags for the file endianess:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>0 = little endian 1 = big endian</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next byte contains the number of bytes per "long" value:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>4 - 32-bit long values 8 - 64-bit long values</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Note: This is the long size of the target's user space. Not the kernel space size.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>[ Now all numbers are written in file defined endianess. ]</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 4 bytes are a 32-bit word that defines what the traced host machine page size was.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The compression algorithm header is written next: "name\0version\0" where "name" and "version" are strings, name and version of the compression algorithm used to compress the trace file. If the name is "none", the data in the file is not compressed.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 8 bytes are 64-bit integer, the offset within the file where the first OPTIONS section is located.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The rest of the file consists of different sections. The only mandatory is the first OPTIONS section, all others are optional. The location and the order of the sections is not strict. Each section starts with a header:</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_format_of_the_section_header">FORMAT OF THE SECTION HEADER</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code><2 bytes> unsigned short integer, ID of the section. <2 bytes> unsigned short integer, section flags: 1 = the section is compressed. <4 bytes> ID of a string, description of the section. <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, size of the section in the file.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>If the section is compressed, the above is the compressed size. The section must be uncompressed on reading. The described format of the sections refers to the uncompressed data.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_compression_format_of_the_file_sections">COMPRESSION FORMAT OF THE FILE SECTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Some of the sections in the file may be compressed with the compression algorithm, specified in the compression algorithm header. Compressed sections have a compression header, written after the section header and right before the compressed data: <4 bytes> unsigned int, size of compressed data in this section. <4 bytes> unsigned int, size of uncompressed data. <data> binary compressed data, with the specified size.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_compression_format_of_the_trace_data">COMPRESSION FORMAT OF THE TRACE DATA</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>There are two special sections, BUFFER FLYRECORD and BUFFER LATENCY, containing trace data. These sections may be compressed with the compression algorithm, specified in the compression header. Usually the size of these sections is huge, that's why its compression format is different from the other sections. The trace data is compressed in chunks The size of one chunk is specified in the file creation time. The format of compressed trace data is: <4 bytes> unsigned int, count of chunks. Follows the compressed chunks of given count. For each chunk: <4 bytes> unsigned int, size of compressed data in this chunk. <4 bytes> unsigned int, size of uncompressed data, aligned with the trace page size. <data> binary compressed data, with the specified size. These chunks must be uncompressed on reading. The described format of trace data refers to the uncompressed data.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_options_section">OPTIONS SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 0</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>This is the the only mandatory section in the file. There can be multiple options sections, the first one is located at the offset specified right after the compression algorithm header. The section consists of multiple trace options, each option has the following format: <2 bytes> unsigned short integer, ID of the option. <4 bytes> unsigned integer, size of the option's data. <binary data> bytes of the size specified above, data of the option.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Options, supported by the trace file version 7:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>DONE: id 0, size 8 This option indicates the end of the options section, it is written always as last option. The DONE option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset in the trace file where the next options section is located. If this offset is 0, then there are no more options sections.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>DATE: id 1, size vary The DATE option data is a null terminated ASCII string, which represents the time difference between trace events timestamps and the Generic Time of Day of the system.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>CPUSTAT: id 2, size vary The CPUSTAT option data is a null terminated ASCII string, the content of the "per_cpu/cpu<id>/stats" file from the trace directory. There is a CPUSTAT option for each CPU.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>BUFFER: id 3, size vary The BUFFER option describes the flyrecord trace data saved in the file, collected from one trace instance. There is BUFFER option for each trace instance. The format of the BUFFER data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset in the trace file where the BUFFER FLYRECORD section is located, containing flyrecord trace data. <string> a null terminated ASCII string, name of the trace instance. Empty string "" is saved as name of the top instance. <string> a null terminated ASCII string, trace clock used for events timestamps in this trace instance. <4 bytes> unsigned integer, size of the trace buffer page. <4 bytes> unsigned integer, count of the CPUs with trace data. For each CPU of the above count: <4 bytes> unsigned integer, ID of the CPU. <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset in the trace file where the trace data for this CPU is located. <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, size of the trace data for this CPU.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>TRACECLOCK: id 4, size vary The TRACECLOCK option data is a null terminated ASCII string, the content of the "trace_clock" file from the trace directory.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>UNAME: id 5, size vary The UNAME option data is a null terminated ASCII string, identifying the system where the trace data is collected. The string is retrieved by the uname() system call.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>HOOK: id 6, size vary The HOOK option data is a null terminated ASCII string, describing event hooks: custom event matching to connect any two events together.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>OFFSET: id 7, size vary The OFFSET option data is a null terminated ASCII string, representing a fixed time that is added to each event timestamp on reading.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>CPUCOUNT: id 8, size 4 The CPUCOUNT option data is: <4 bytes> unsigned integer, number of CPUs in the system.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>VERSION: id 9, size vary The VERSION option data is a null terminated ASCII string, representing the version of the trace-cmd application, used to collect these trace logs.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>PROCMAPS: id 10, size vary The PROCMAPS option data is a null terminated ASCII string, representing the memory map of each traced filtered process. The format of the string is, for each filtered process: <procss ID> <libraries count> <process command> \n <memory start address> <memory end address> <full path of the mapped library file> \n ... separate line for each library, used by this process ... ...</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>TRACEID: id 11, size 8 The TRACEID option data is a unique identifier of this tracing session: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, trace session identifier.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>TIME_SHIFT: id 12, size vary The TIME_SHIFT option stores time synchronization information, collected during host and guest tracing session. Usually it is saved in the guest trace file. This information is used to synchronize guest with host events timestamps, when displaying all files from this tracing session. The format of the TIME_SHIFT option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, trace identifier of the peer (usually the host). <4 bytes> unsigned integer, flags specific to the time synchronization protocol, used in this trace session. <4 bytes> unsigned integer, number of traced CPUs. For each CPU, timestamps corrections are recorded: <4 bytes> unsigned integer, count of the recorded timestamps corrections for this CPU. <array of unsigned long long integers of the above count>, times when the corrections are calculated <array of unsigned long long integers of the above count>, corrections offsets <array of unsigned long long integers of the above count>, corrections scaling ratio</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>GUEST: id 13, size vary The GUEST option stores information about traced guests in this tracing session. Usually it is saved in the host trace file. There is a separate GUEST option for each traced guest. The information is used when displaying all files from this tracing session. The format of the GUEST option data is: <string> a null terminated ASCII string, name of the guest. <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, trace identifier of the guest for this session. <4 bytes> unsigned integer, number of guest's CPUs. For each CPU: <4 bytes> unsigned integer, ID of the CPU. <4 bytes> unsigned integer, PID of the host task, emulating this guest CPU.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>TSC2NSEC: id 14, size 16 The TSC2NSEC option stores information, used to convert TSC events timestamps to nanoseconds. The format of the TSC2NSEC option data is: <4 bytes> unsigned integer, time multiplier. <4 bytes> unsigned integer, time shift. <8 bytes> unsigned long long integer, time offset.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>STRINGS: id 15, size vary The STRINGS option holds a list of nul terminated strings that holds the names of the other sections.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>HEADER_INFO: id 16, size 8 The HEADER_INFO option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset into the trace file where the HEADER INFO section is located</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>FTRACE_EVENTS: id 17, size 8 The FTRACE_EVENTS option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset into the trace file where the FTRACE EVENT FORMATS section is located.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>EVENT_FORMATS: id 18, size 8 The EVENT_FORMATS option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset into the trace file where the EVENT FORMATS section is located.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>KALLSYMS: id 19, size 8 The KALLSYMS option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset into the trace file where the KALLSYMS section is located.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>PRINTK: id 20, size 8 The PRINTK option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset into the trace file where the TRACE_PRINTK section is located.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>CMDLINES: id 21, size 8 The CMDLINES option data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset into the trace file where the SAVED COMMAND LINES section is located.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>BUFFER_TEXT: id 22, size The BUFFER_LAT option describes the latency trace data saved in the file. The format of the BUFFER_LAT data is: <8 bytes> long long unsigned integer, offset in the trace file where the BUFFER LATENCY section is located, containing latency trace data. <string> a null terminated ASCII string, name of the trace instance. Empty string "" is saved as name of the top instance. <string> a null terminated ASCII string, trace clock used for events timestamps in this trace instance.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_header_info_section">HEADER INFO SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 16</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The first 12 bytes of the section, after the section header, contain the string:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>"header_page\0"</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 8 bytes are a 64-bit word containing the size of the page header information stored next.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next set of data is of the size read from the previous 8 bytes, and contains the data retrieved from debugfs/tracing/events/header_page.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Note: The size of the second field \fBcommit\fR contains the target kernel long size. For example:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>field: local_t commit; offset:8; \fBsize:8;\fR signed:1;</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>shows the kernel has a 64-bit long.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 13 bytes contain the string:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>"header_event\0"</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 8 bytes are a 64-bit word containing the size of the event header information stored next.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next set of data is of the size read from the previous 8 bytes and contains the data retrieved from debugfs/tracing/events/header_event.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>This data allows the trace-cmd tool to know if the ring buffer format of the kernel made any changes.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_ftrace_event_formats_section">FTRACE EVENT FORMATS SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 17</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Directly after the section header comes the information about the Ftrace specific events. These are the events used by the Ftrace plugins and are not enabled by the event tracing.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 4 bytes contain a 32-bit word of the number of Ftrace event format files that are stored in the file.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>For the number of times defined by the previous 4 bytes is the following:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>8 bytes for the size of the Ftrace event format file.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The Ftrace event format file copied from the target machine: debugfs/tracing/events/ftrace/<event>/format</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_event_formats_section">EVENT FORMATS SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 18</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Directly after the section header comes the information about the event layout.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 4 bytes are a 32-bit word containing the number of event systems that are stored in the file. These are the directories in debugfs/tracing/events excluding the \fBftrace\fR directory.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>For the number of times defined by the previous 4 bytes is the following:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>A null-terminated string containing the system name.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>4 bytes containing a 32-bit word containing the number of events within the system.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>For the number of times defined in the previous 4 bytes is the following:</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>8 bytes for the size of the event format file.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The event format file copied from the target machine: debugfs/tracing/events/<system>/<event>/format</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_kallsyms_section">KALLSYMS SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 19</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Directly after the section header comes the information of the mapping of function addresses to the function names.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 4 bytes are a 32-bit word containing the size of the data holding the function mappings.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next set of data is of the size defined by the previous 4 bytes and contains the information from the target machine's file: /proc/kallsyms</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_trace_printk_section">TRACE_PRINTK SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 20</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>If a developer used trace_printk() within the kernel, it may store the format string outside the ring buffer. This information can be found in: debugfs/tracing/printk_formats</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 4 bytes are a 32-bit word containing the size of the data holding the printk formats.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next set of data is of the size defined by the previous 4 bytes and contains the information from debugfs/tracing/printk_formats.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_saved_command_lines_section">SAVED COMMAND LINES SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 21</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Directly after the section header comes the information mapping a PID to a process name.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next 8 bytes contain a 64-bit word that holds the size of the data mapping the PID to a process name.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The next set of data is of the size defined by the previous 8 bytes and contains the information from debugfs/tracing/saved_cmdlines.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_buffer_flyrecord_section">BUFFER FLYRECORD SECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>This section contains flyrecord tracing data, collected in one trace instance. The data is saved per CPU. Each BUFFER FLYRECORD section has a corresponding BUFFER option, containing information about saved CPU's trace data. Padding is placed between the section header and the CPU data, placing the CPU data at a page aligned (target page) position in the file.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>This data is copied directly from the Ftrace ring buffer and is of the same format as the ring buffer specified by the event header files loaded in the header format file.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>The trace-cmd tool will try to \fBmmap(2)\fR the data page by page with the target's page size if possible. If it fails to mmap, it will just read the data instead.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>BUFFER TEXT SECTION</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code> Section ID: 22 This section contains latency tracing data, ASCII text taken from the target's debugfs/tracing/trace file. STRINGS SECTION</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Section ID: 15</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>All strings of the trace file metadata are stored in a string section within the file. The section contains a list of nul terminated ASCII strings. An ID of the string is used in the file meta data, which is the offset of the actual string into the string section. Strings can be stored into multiple string sections in the file.</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>trace-cmd(1), trace-cmd-record(1), trace-cmd-report(1), trace-cmd-start(1), trace-cmd-stop(1), trace-cmd-extract(1), trace-cmd-reset(1), trace-cmd-split(1), trace-cmd-list(1), trace-cmd-listen(1), trace-cmd.dat(5)</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_author">AUTHOR</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Written by Steven Rostedt, <<a href="mailto:rostedt@goodmis.org">rostedt@goodmis.org</a>></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_resources">RESOURCES</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/trace-cmd/trace-cmd.git/">https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/trace-cmd/trace-cmd.git/</a></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_copying">COPYING</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc. Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL).</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> Last updated 2023-06-07 20:21:00 UTC </div> </div> </body> </html>