Current File : //usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/defer/__init__.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Small framework for asynchronous programming."""
# Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Sebastian Heinlein <devel@glatzor.de>
# Copyright (c) 2001-2010
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#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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# THE SOFTWARE.
__author__ = "Sebastian Heinlein <devel@glatzor.de>"
__all__ = ("Deferred", "AlreadyCalledDeferred", "DeferredException",
"defer", "inline_callbacks", "return_value")
import collections.abc
from functools import wraps
import sys
import warnings
from . import version
__version__ = version.VERSION
PY3K = sys.version_info.major > 2
class _DefGen_Return(BaseException):
"""Exception to return a result from an inline callback."""
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
class AlreadyCalledDeferred(Exception):
"""The Deferred is already running a callback."""
class DeferredException(object):
"""Allows to defer exceptions."""
def __init__(self, type=None, value=None, traceback=None):
"""Return a new DeferredException instance.
If type, value and traceback are not specified the infotmation
will be retreieved from the last caught exception:
>>> try:
... raise Exception("Test")
... except:
... deferred_exc = DeferredException()
>>> deferred_exc.raise_exception()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
Exception: Test
Alternatively you can set the exception manually:
>>> exception = Exception("Test 2")
>>> deferred_exc = DeferredException(exception)
>>> deferred_exc.raise_exception()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
Exception: Test 2
"""
self.type = type
self.value = value
self.traceback = traceback
if isinstance(type, Exception):
self.type = type.__class__
self.value = type
elif not type or not value:
self.type, self.value, self.traceback = sys.exc_info()
def raise_exception(self):
"""Raise the stored exception."""
if PY3K:
raise self.value.with_traceback(self.traceback)
else:
raise self.type(self.value).with_traceback(self.traceback)
def catch(self, *errors):
"""Check if the stored exception is a subclass of one of the
provided exception classes. If this is the case return the
matching exception class. Otherwise raise the stored exception.
>>> exc = DeferredException(SystemError())
>>> exc.catch(Exception) # Will catch the exception and return it
<class 'Exception'>
>>> exc.catch(OSError) # Won't catch and raise the stored exception
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SystemError
This method can be used in errbacks of a Deferred:
>>> def dummy_errback(deferred_exception):
... '''Error handler for OSError'''
... deferred_exception.catch(OSError)
... return "catched"
The above errback can handle an OSError:
>>> deferred = Deferred()
>>> deferred.add_errback(dummy_errback)
>>> deferred.errback(OSError())
>>> deferred.result
'catched'
But fails to handle a SystemError:
>>> deferred2 = Deferred()
>>> deferred2.add_errback(dummy_errback)
>>> deferred2.errback(SystemError())
>>> deferred2.result #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
<defer.DeferredException object at 0x...>
>>> deferred2.result.value
SystemError()
"""
for err in errors:
if issubclass(self.type, err):
return err
self.raise_exception()
class Deferred(object):
r"""The Deferred allows to chain callbacks.
There are two type of callbacks: normal callbacks and errbacks, which
handle an exception in a normal callback.
The callbacks are processed in pairs consisting of a normal callback
and an errback. A normal callback will return its result to the
callback of the next pair. If an exception occurs, it will be handled
by the errback of the next pair. If an errback doesn't raise an error
again, the callback of the next pair will be called with the return
value of the errback. Otherwise the exception of the errback will be
returned to the errback of the next pair::
CALLBACK1 ERRBACK1
| \ / |
result failure result failure
| \ / |
| \ / |
| X |
| / \ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
CALLBACK2 ERRBACK2
| \ / |
result failure result failure
| \ / |
| \ / |
| X |
| / \ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
CALLBACK3 ERRBACK3
"""
def __init__(self):
"""Return a new Deferred instance."""
self.callbacks = []
self.errbacks = []
self.called = False
self.paused = False
self._running = False
def add_callbacks(self, callback, errback=None,
callback_args=None, callback_kwargs=None,
errback_args=None, errback_kwargs=None):
"""Add a pair of callables (function or method) to the callback and
errback chain.
Keyword arguments:
callback -- the next chained challback
errback -- the next chained errback
callback_args -- list of additional arguments for the callback
callback_kwargs -- dict of additional arguments for the callback
errback_args -- list of additional arguments for the errback
errback_kwargs -- dict of additional arguments for the errback
In the following example the first callback pairs raises an
exception that is catched by the errback of the second one and
processed by the third one.
>>> def callback(previous):
... '''Return the previous result.'''
... return "Got: %s" % previous
>>> def callback_raise(previous):
... '''Fail and raise an exception.'''
... raise Exception("Test")
>>> def errback(error):
... '''Recover from an exception.'''
... #error.catch(Exception)
... return "catched"
>>> deferred = Deferred()
>>> deferred.callback("start")
>>> deferred.result
'start'
>>> deferred.add_callbacks(callback_raise, errback)
>>> deferred.result #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
<defer.DeferredException object at 0x...>
>>> deferred.add_callbacks(callback, errback)
>>> deferred.result
'catched'
>>> deferred.add_callbacks(callback, errback)
>>> deferred.result
'Got: catched'
"""
assert isinstance(callback, collections.abc.Callable)
assert errback is None or isinstance(errback, collections.abc.Callable)
if errback is None:
errback = _passthrough
self.callbacks.append(((callback,
callback_args or ([]),
callback_kwargs or ({})),
(errback or (_passthrough),
errback_args or ([]),
errback_kwargs or ({}))))
if self.called:
self._next()
def add_errback(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
"""Add a callable (function or method) to the errback chain only.
If there isn't any exception the result will be passed through to
the callback of the next pair.
The first argument is the callable instance followed by any
additional argument that will be passed to the errback.
The errback method will get the most recent DeferredException and
and any additional arguments that was specified in add_errback.
If the errback can catch the exception it can return a value that
will be passed to the next callback in the chain. Otherwise the
errback chain will not be processed anymore.
See the documentation of defer.DeferredException.catch for
further information.
>>> def catch_error(deferred_error, ignore=False):
... if ignore:
... return "ignored"
... deferred_error.catch(Exception)
... return "catched"
>>> deferred = Deferred()
>>> deferred.errback(SystemError())
>>> deferred.add_errback(catch_error, ignore=True)
>>> deferred.result
'ignored'
"""
self.add_callbacks(_passthrough, func, errback_args=args,
errback_kwargs=kwargs)
def add_callback(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
"""Add a callable (function or method) to the callback chain only.
An error would be passed through to the next errback.
The first argument is the callable instance followed by any
additional argument that will be passed to the callback.
The callback method will get the result of the previous callback
and any additional arguments that was specified in add_callback.
>>> def callback(previous, counter=False):
... if counter:
... return previous + 1
... return previous
>>> deferred = Deferred()
>>> deferred.add_callback(callback, counter=True)
>>> deferred.callback(1)
>>> deferred.result
2
"""
self.add_callbacks(func, _passthrough, callback_args=args,
callback_kwargs=kwargs)
def errback(self, error=None):
"""Start processing the errorback chain starting with the
provided exception or DeferredException.
If an exception is specified it will be wrapped into a
DeferredException. It will be send to the first errback or stored
as finally result if not any further errback has been specified yet.
>>> deferred = Deferred()
>>> deferred.errback(Exception("Test Error"))
>>> deferred.result #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
<defer.DeferredException object at 0x...>
>>> deferred.result.raise_exception()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
Exception: Test Error
"""
if self.called:
raise AlreadyCalledDeferred()
if not error:
error = DeferredException()
elif not isinstance(error, DeferredException):
assert isinstance(error, Exception)
error = DeferredException(error.__class__, error, None)
self.called = True
self.result = error
self._next()
def callback(self, result=None):
"""Start processing the callback chain starting with the
provided result.
It will be send to the first callback or stored as finally
one if not any further callback has been specified yet.
>>> deferred = Deferred()
>>> deferred.callback("done")
>>> deferred.result
'done'
"""
if self.called:
raise AlreadyCalledDeferred()
self.called = True
self.result = result
self._next()
def _continue(self, result):
"""Continue processing the Deferred with the given result."""
self.result = result
self.paused = False
if self.called:
self._next()
def _next(self):
"""Process the next callback."""
if self._running or self.paused:
return
while self.callbacks:
# Get the next callback pair
next_pair = self.callbacks.pop(0)
# Continue with the errback if the last result was an exception
callback, args, kwargs = next_pair[isinstance(self.result,
DeferredException)]
try:
self.result = callback(self.result, *args, **kwargs)
except:
self.result = DeferredException()
finally:
self._running = False
if isinstance(self.result, Deferred):
# If a Deferred was returned add this deferred as callbacks to
# the returned one. As a result the processing of this Deferred
# will be paused until all callbacks of the returned Deferred
# have been performed
self.result.add_callbacks(self._continue, self._continue)
self.paused == True
break
if isinstance(self.result, DeferredException):
# Print the exception to stderr and stop if there aren't any
# further errbacks to process
sys.excepthook(self.result.type, self.result.value,
self.result.traceback)
return False
def defer(func, *args, **kwargs):
"""Invoke the given function that may or not may be a Deferred.
If the return object of the function call is a Deferred return, it.
Otherwise wrap it into a Deferred.
>>> defer(lambda x: x, 10) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
<defer.Deferred object at 0x...>
>>> deferred = defer(lambda x: x, "done")
>>> deferred.result
'done'
>>> deferred = Deferred()
>>> defer(lambda: deferred) == deferred
True
"""
assert isinstance(func, collections.abc.Callable)
try:
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
except:
result = DeferredException()
if isinstance(result, Deferred):
return result
deferred = Deferred()
deferred.callback(result)
return deferred
def _passthrough(arg):
return arg
def return_value(val):
"""
Return val from a inline_callbacks generator.
Note: this is currently implemented by raising an exception
derived from BaseException. You might want to change any
'except:' clauses to an 'except Exception:' clause so as not to
catch this exception.
Also: while this function currently will work when called from
within arbitrary functions called from within the generator, do
not rely upon this behavior.
"""
raise _DefGen_Return(val)
def _inline_callbacks(result, gen, deferred):
"""
See inlineCallbacks.
"""
# This function is complicated by the need to prevent unbounded recursion
# arising from repeatedly yielding immediately ready deferreds. This while
# loop and the waiting variable solve that by manually unfolding the
# recursion.
waiting = [True, # waiting for result?
None] # result
while 1:
try:
# Send the last result back as the result of the yield expression.
is_failure = isinstance(result, DeferredException)
if is_failure:
if PY3K:
excep = result.value.with_traceback(result.traceback)
result = gen.throw(excep)
else:
result = gen.throw(result.type(result.value).with_traceback(result.traceback))
else:
result = gen.send(result)
except StopIteration:
# fell off the end, or "return" statement
deferred.callback(None)
return deferred
except _DefGen_Return as err:
# returnValue() was called; time to give a result to the original
# Deferred. First though, let's try to identify the potentially
# confusing situation which results when return_value() is
# accidentally invoked from a different function, one that wasn't
# decorated with @inline_callbacks.
# The traceback starts in this frame (the one for
# _inline_callbacks); the next one down should be the application
# code.
appCodeTrace = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_next
if is_failure:
# If we invoked this generator frame by throwing an exception
# into it, then throwExceptionIntoGenerator will consume an
# additional stack frame itself, so we need to skip that too.
appCodeTrace = appCodeTrace.tb_next
# Now that we've identified the frame being exited by the
# exception, let's figure out if returnValue was called from it
# directly. returnValue itself consumes a stack frame, so the
# application code will have a tb_next, but it will *not* have a
# second tb_next.
if appCodeTrace.tb_next and appCodeTrace.tb_next.tb_next:
# If returnValue was invoked non-local to the frame which it is
# exiting, identify the frame that ultimately invoked
# returnValue so that we can warn the user, as this behavior is
# confusing.
ultimateTrace = appCodeTrace
while ultimateTrace.tb_next.tb_next:
ultimateTrace = ultimateTrace.tb_next
filename = ultimateTrace.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
lineno = ultimateTrace.tb_lineno
warnings.warn_explicit(
"returnValue() in %r causing %r to exit: "
"returnValue should only be invoked by functions decorated "
"with inlineCallbacks" % (
ultimateTrace.tb_frame.f_code.co_name,
appCodeTrace.tb_frame.f_code.co_name),
DeprecationWarning, filename, lineno)
deferred.callback(err.value)
return deferred
except:
deferred.errback()
return deferred
if isinstance(result, Deferred):
# a deferred was yielded, get the result.
def gotResult(res):
if waiting[0]:
waiting[0] = False
waiting[1] = res
else:
_inline_callbacks(res, gen, deferred)
result.add_callbacks(gotResult, gotResult)
if waiting[0]:
# Haven't called back yet, set flag so that we get reinvoked
# and return from the loop
waiting[0] = False
return deferred
result = waiting[1]
# Reset waiting to initial values for next loop. gotResult uses
# waiting, but this isn't a problem because gotResult is only
# executed once, and if it hasn't been executed yet, the return
# branch above would have been taken.
waiting[0] = True
waiting[1] = None
return deferred
def inline_callbacks(func):
"""inline_callbacks helps you write Deferred-using code that looks like a
regular sequential function. For example::
def thingummy():
thing = yield makeSomeRequestResultingInDeferred()
print thing #the result! hoorj!
thingummy = inline_callbacks(thingummy)
When you call anything that results in a Deferred, you can simply yield it;
your generator will automatically be resumed when the Deferred's result is
available. The generator will be sent the result of the Deferred with the
'send' method on generators, or if the result was a failure, 'throw'.
Your inline_callbacks-enabled generator will return a Deferred object, which
will result in the return value of the generator (or will fail with a
failure object if your generator raises an unhandled exception). Note that
you can't use return result to return a value; use return_value(result)
instead. Falling off the end of the generator, or simply using return
will cause the Deferred to have a result of None.
The Deferred returned from your deferred generator may errback if your
generator raised an exception::
def thingummy():
thing = yield makeSomeRequestResultingInDeferred()
if thing == 'I love Twisted':
# will become the result of the Deferred
return_value('TWISTED IS GREAT!')
else:
# will trigger an errback
raise Exception('DESTROY ALL LIFE')
thingummy = inline_callbacks(thingummy)
"""
@wraps(func)
def unwind_generator(*args, **kwargs):
return _inline_callbacks(None, func(*args, **kwargs), Deferred())
return unwind_generator
# vim:tw=4:sw=4:et
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